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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Steve,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>There could be billions of variants for a
single registration. We used to have at least one IDN in .com that would had
16M variants. We keep a separate variant table as opposed to registering the
variants themselves as domains. Some Chinese characters have as many as eight
variants and the way that punycode compresses for repeating characters you
could end up with more than 20 Chinese characters represented by the entire ASCII
encoded string.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>If you repeated one of the characters with
eight variants for seven positions in a string, you would generate over 2
million variants. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Pat<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
idna-update-bounces@alvestrand.no [mailto:idna-update-bounces@alvestrand.no] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Steve Crocker<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, December 14, 2009
2:37 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Vint Cerf<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> Steve Crocker;
idna-update@alvestrand.no<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: Re-sending TXT form
of Proposed IDNA2008 Transition Idea</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Vint, et al,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>This seems reasonable to me. I would offer two refinements.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>First, each registry, in cooperation with its registrars, could use the
sunrise period to register all of the variants that are automatically mapped
together under IDNA2003 but will become separate under IDNA2008. The
variants would all point to the same address(es), so the result should be the
same for anyone looking up a name under either the IDNA2003 or IDNA2008 rules.
When the sunrise period is over, the variants could become unregistered
or could be transferred to others. The existing registrant would have first
say, of course. I'm implicitly suggesting a business strategy for the
registries and registrars, and that may or may not appeal to them. For
ICANN accredited registries and registrars, there might need to be some
coordination with ICANN too, particularly if the variant registrations are provided
at no charge during the sunrise period. I haven't given this extensive
thought, and I haven't talked to others in ICANN, so I can't speak
authoritatively, but it seems to me a plausible strategy for smoothing the
transition. In essence, this is the mirror of the strategy you're
proposing in the sense that all the variants are registered and then the
undesired ones trickle away.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>One might ask if the number of variants will be unwieldy, and one can
point to examples like <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mississippi</st1:place></st1:State>
or hisssss... as stressful cases. My intuition is that even if a few
cases explode, the overall impact will be small. I'll go on record here
and suggest the impact will be less than 10% for any existing domain.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Second, you've proposed the timing of the transitions would be up to
each registry. That's a good suggestion in terms of providing maximum
flexibility, but it seems to me that some of the timing is governed by the
browsers. I would expect there will be a date when IDNA2008 is phased in
and a separate, later date when IDNA2003 is declared dead. In between
these dates, I would expect the registries will have to phase over.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>These details aside, I am very glad there is attention to a transition
plan. That's something that has been a difficult area for both IPv6 and
DNSSEC, and I think IDNAbis will be much better off with this attention to
transition.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Steve<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Dec 14, 2009, at 2:12 PM, Vint Cerf wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div style='word-wrap: break-word;-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;-webkit-line-break: after-white-space'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>It is recommended to use a fixed width font to display
this message</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Introduction of Eszett (sharp-S) and Final Sigma</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>See <a
href="http://typefoundry.blogspot.com/2008/01/esszett-or.html">http://typefoundry.blogspot.com/2008/01/esszett-or.html</a>
for an</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>interesting perspective on 'Sharp-S'</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Introduction</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The IDNABIS working group has spent two years evolving
documents</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>describing the use of Unicode in Internet domain name
labels. We have</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>ended the IETF Last Call with a lengthy discussion on the
manner in</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>which the Unicode characters Latin Small Letter Sharp-S
(U+00DF) and</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Greek Small Letter Final Sigma (U+03C2) are to be
introduced into use.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The so-called Zero-Width Joiner and Zero-Width Non-Joiner
(ZWJ and</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>ZWNJ respectively) have been included as CONTEXT-Joiner
(or CONTEXTJ)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>in the IDNA2008 documentation and the general consensus is
that these</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>two may be registered at the discretion of registries.
IDNA2008</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>specifically permits their use, in context.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The primary debates surrounding Sharp-S and Final Sigma
relate to the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>method of their introduction into use as PVALID characters
under</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IDNA2008. This note represents an attempt to synthesize a</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>philosophical basis for achieving the goal of making these
two</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>characters usable in domain name labels. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>It is useful to recall that the Domain Name System is a
hierarchical</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>system of registries. The root zone is the place where top
level</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>domain labels are registered. The Top Level domain name
registries</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>(e.g. .com, .coop, .ca, .uk) are 'pointed to' using
'delegation</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>records' in the root zone file. Each 'dot' in a domain
name is a point</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>where 'delegation' (in DNS-speak, a zone cut) for further
registration</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>handling MAY be implemented.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>So, for example, suppose that it is desired to create a
Second Level</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>label, 'foo' under the Top Level Label 'com'. Typically,
the party</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>wishing to register domain names with the suffix 'foo.com'
would</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>request to register 'foo' as a second level label under
'com' and a</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>delegation record would be created pointing to the name
server that</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will respond to all domain names with the suffix
'foo.com'.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>At any point, a registration may either be an address
record for,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>e.g., abc.foo.com, or a set of delegation records pointing
to the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>servers Third Level label 'abc'.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The notion of delegation is important to keep in mind when
considering</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>how to introduce new PVALID characters into labels since
each label in</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>a multi-label domain name can be managed by a different
entity (ie</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>through delegated authority). A decision by a higher level
authority</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>to treat two different labels as equivalent is a
non-trivial exercise</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>in delegation mechanics. This fact is often lost in
discussions about</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>domain names as if there were flat identifiers. They are
not. They</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>really represent delegated hierarchies and their creation
is often</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>achieved through a series of assignments of delegated
authority.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>DESIDERATA ON THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW PVALID CHARACTERS</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>1. It is desirable that
they can be introduced as soon as any</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>registry in the hierarchy wishes
to do so without having to</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>coordinate with other
registries.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>2. It is desirable that
IDNA2003 compliant and IDNA2008 compliant</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>entities (programs,
applications‚ etc.) co-exist without introducing</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>ambiguous resolution of domain
names (ie. The same domain name</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>resolves to different IP
addresses under IDNA2003 and IDNA2008</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>interpretation)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>3. In the proposal that
follows, a relaxation of the constraint</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>in (2) is that it is acceptable
that IDNA2008 interpretation leads</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>to NXDOMAIN even if IDNA2003
leads to a valid IP address (or</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>vice-versa). Under this
provision, the introduction of a new</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>PVALID character does not lead
to distinct IP addresses (and</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>therefore hazardous ambiguity)
even if it produces (temporary?)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>non-resolution for some cases.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>It should be recognized that the millions of
registries/zones in the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>DNS are largely independent entities. We can produce
a "suggested</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>good practice", but registries will make local
determinations as to</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>what to do based on local considerations. To
discourage a particular</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>practice, it seems best to explain what bad consequences
will result</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>from following it but as a practical matter leave the
decisions up to</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>the registry. In many ways we have already adopted
this position in</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IDNA2008 by leaving a great many decisions about which
characters to</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>permit for registration (even if they are PVALID in
protocol) for</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>reasons of local significance or practice.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>There are many side-effects associated with introducing as
PVALID</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>characters that were formerly mapped under IDNA2003. An
unknown number</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>of URLs (or other domain-name-referencing constructs) may
become</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>unreachable upon adoption of IDNA2008, if the unmapped
versions of the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>associated domain names have not been constructively
registered and</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>made to resolve to the same IP address as the mapped
version. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>THE SHARP-S EXAMPLE</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Under IDNA2003, any reference to a domain name label
containing</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Sharp-S is converted to a label containing 'ss' in place
of Sharp-S,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>whereever Sharp-S appears. This revised label is then used
either for</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>registration or look up in the Domain Name System.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Under IDNA2008, Sharp-S is treated as PVALID and not
converted to</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>'ss'.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Many of the suggested transition tactics have attempted a
kind of</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>"perfection" in which there is either a deadline
by which everything</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>works under IDNA2008 or new mechanisms to somehow
distinguish between</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IDNA2003 and IDNA2008 or urge strenuous efforts to make
everything</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>backward compatible with IDNA2003 mappings - especially
for the two</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>problem characters Sharp-S and Final Sigma. I am ignoring
everything</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>else but these in this contribution since my sense is that
this</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>working group may go along with anything that
"solves" the problem</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>with them. Joiners I think we can assume have been
accepted in the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>CONTEXTJ form.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>I would like to try out on you an idea that isn't
"perfect" but that</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>avoids the worst hazard, I think.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>My definition of worst hazard is that different entities
(browsers,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>applications) do resolution and get conflicting
results. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>An example of this would be a case where under IDNA2003, a
domain name</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>containing Sharp-S would be vectored to a domain name and
associated</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IP address that referenced a domain name registered with
"ss" in lieu</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>of Sharp-S and under IDNA2008 would be vectored to an IP
address</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>associated with a Sharp-S registration that leads to a
different IP</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>address and a distinct registrant. I would distinguish
this from the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>case where the same registered domain name is associated
with two or</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>more IP addresses on purpose (e.g. two A records that the
registrant</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>considers equivalent). </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>I</span></font><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1
face=Courier><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>DNA2003 Case</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>registered looked up</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>domain name domain name
IP address Registrant</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>masse.com maße.com
mapped 12.34.56.78 Mr. Foo</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>
to masse.com</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>IDNA2008 Case</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>registered looked up</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>domain name domain name
IP address Registrant</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><font size=1 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Courier'>maße.com maße.com
34.56.78.12 Mr. Bar</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The hazard is that under IDNA2003, a look up for maße.com
gets the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>12.34.56.78 address of masse.com while under IDNA2008, the
look up for</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>maße.com gets the 34.56.78.12 address of maße.com</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>What we would like is to prevent this unexpected
ambiguity.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>I would like to introduce a failsafe practice that
prevents this</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>particular ambiguity but allows for an NXDOMAIN result
that may not be</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>considered hazardous even it is annoying.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Let us imagine that the .com registry wishes to introduce
IDNA2008</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>capability into its second level domain registrations
(that's all it</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>controls).</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>We assume that it has been registering under IDNA2003
rules in the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>past, so that any label containing "ß" will have
been mapped to "ss"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>prior to registration. There is a collection of
registrants in the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>equivalence class "registered a label containing
'ss'". Let us call</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>the set of such registrants R.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The .com registry introduces a sunrise period in which all
members of</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>R are advised that they may register domains equivalent to
the ones</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>they did register but with the mapped "ss" form
changed to the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>unmapped "ß" form. I am pretty sure there cannot
be collisions here</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>because all the final registrations have to have been
mapped to "ss" -</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>so if there were going to be a collision it would already
have been</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>detected at the time of original IDNA2003-compliant
registration:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>"sorry, someone else has already registered the 'ss'
form you would</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>have gotten, can't register that." </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>After time T (determined by the registry, not by IETF or
ICANN fiat),</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>the .com registry then advises that it will accept
registration of</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>SLDs containing "ß". However, it abides by the
following rules at</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>REGISTRATION time:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>(Failsafe Rule 1): If registration of an SLD containing
"ß" would</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>collide under IDNA2003 mapping rules with an existing
registered</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>domain name, the registration is allowed if the holder of
the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>requested domain is the same (*) as the holder of the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>already-registered domain, otherwise the registration is
not allowed. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>(Failsafe Rule 2): If registration of an SLD containing
"ss" would</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>collide under IDNA2003 mapping rules with an existing
registered</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>domain name containing "ß" it is allowed if the
holder of the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>requested domain is the same (*) as the holder of the
already</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>registered domain, otherwise the registration not allowed.
Note that</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Failsafe rule 2 only applies once a registry is operating
under</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IDNA2008 rules.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>(*) Which registrants are
"the same" is to be defined by the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3 face=Courier><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier'> </span></font></span><font
face=Courier><span style='font-family:Courier'>registry, and match the
definitions the registry applies. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>As a slightly less safe alternative, but at the option of
the registry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>(perhaps after even more time has gone by), "not
allowed" in the above</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>two rules could be replaced by notification of the existing
domain</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>holder with an offer to again let that registrant
preemptively</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>register the name, thereby blocking its registration by
someone else.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If that offer were not accepted, the new registration
would be</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>permitted, of course still subject to whatever dispute
resolution</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>policies are in effect for .com or other relevant zone.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>This latter suggestion opens the door for achieving
independence of</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>formerly-mapped pairs of now PVALID characters. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>There are some nuances to the scenarios offered above.
With possible</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>exceptions for some "bundling" practices, most
registrations will be</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>sequential (ie. not "at the same time"). One
typically registers one</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>domain name and then registers others. Because of this, we
will</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>usually end up in a situation where at the time of the
second (or Nth)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>registration someone has to check, for example, whether
the requested</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>holder of the next domain name registered is the same
holder as the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>holder of earlier but colliding registered domain names.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>There may be different registrars involved in sequential</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>registrations. There may be different contact
representatives for</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>respective registrations. There might be transfers being
made in</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>between related registrations. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Because of this, the important things are the failsafe
rules, and that</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>they (in an ICANN context) are formulated by the
registries so that</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>details like "same" actually have some specific
meaning in the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>specific registry context. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If we go back to the example given above and assume that
Mr. Foo has</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>registered masse.com before Mr. Bar has entered the
picture, Mr. Foo</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will get to register maße.com during the sunrise period.
Mr. Bar will</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>not be allowed to register either maße.com or masse.com
because both</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>of these collide with previously registered domain names.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Let us now suppose that after the sunrise period, the
registry is</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>operating under IDNA2008 rules. Let us suppose that
someone, Mr. Baz,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>has registered "strasse.com" prior to the
adoption of the IDNA2008</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>rules. Let us also assume that he did not bother to
register</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>"straße.com" during the sunrise period (if he
had, he would presumably</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>have that registration too). </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Now let Mr. Frotz try to register "straße.com" -
under Failsafe Rule</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>1, he would be denied this registration. Mr. Baz still has
the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>possibility of registering it. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If someone looks up "straße.com" under
IDNA2003-compliant rules, he</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will get "strasse.com" unambiguously.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If someone looks up "straße.com" under
IDNA2008-compliant rules, he</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will get NXDOMAIN. This is a kind of brokenness but
perhaps this is</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>tolerable if it does not steer the party to the
"wrong" site - and it</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>potentially allows Mr. Baz to recover from his earlier
choice not to</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>register the "ß" version of his SLD earlier.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Now let us suppose that "strasse.com" has NOT
been registered at all,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>the sunrise happens, and we are now operating under
IDNA2008 rules.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Mr. Frotz registers "straße.com". Since there is
no collision with a</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>previously registered "strasse.com" there is no
problem. Let us</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>suppose that Mr. Frotz does not bother to register
"strasse.com". </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If someone looks up "straße.com" under
IDNA2003-compliant rules, he</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will get NXDOMAIN because "strasse.com" does not
exist.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If someone looks up "straße.com" under
IDNA2008-compliant rules, he</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will get the corresponding IP address.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If someone looks up "strasse.com" under
IDNA2008-compliant rules, he</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will get NXDOMAIN because it has not been registered.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Because the registry is operating under IDNA2008-rules,
"ß" and "ss"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>are considered distinct and the party using IDNA2003-rules
to look up</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>a domain name registered under IDNA2008 rules is getting a
"correct"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>response in some sense (in this case, NXDOMAIN). At least
the lookup</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>does not lead to the "wrong IP address".</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>If Mr. Frotz registers both "strasse.com" and
"straße.com" (assuming</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>neither of these violates Failsafe Rules (1) and (2) at
registration</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>time), his registrations will work for both
IDNA2003-compliant and</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IDNA2008-compliant lookups. Whether queries using
the two strings</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>will produce the same results or not will still be up to
him and not</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>the registry: there is no practical way to avoid that.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Let us suppose, again, that Mr. Frotz successfully
registers</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>"straße.com" under IDNA2008 rules but does not
bother to register</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>"strasse.com"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Now let us suppose that Mr. FUBAR tries to register
"strasse.com"</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>subsequent to Mr. Frotz's registration of
"straße.com". When he tries</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>to do this, he would be blocked from that registration
under Failsafe</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>Rule (2). Or, under the more permissive variation,
Mr. Frotz would</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>have an additional opportunity to block Mr. FUBAR's
registration by</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>registering "strasse.com" himself. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>I believe that adoption of Failsafe Rules (1) and (2)
would permit</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>each registry (in the general sense - all levels) to
introduce</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>IDNA2008 rules whenever they wish, and to provide for
sunrise time</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>periods of their choosing. The failures that occur
(NXDOMAIN) are not</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>harmful in the same way that "wrong IP address"
would be harmful and</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>perhaps this form of "failure" would be an
acceptable price to pay for</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>some period of time when IDNA2003-compliant and
IDNA2008-compliant</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>systems were in concurrent operation.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>I hope this isn't completely nuts.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> vint</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>from John Klensin:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'>The suggested process could be used to create a five-stage
process:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> (1) No registrations that actually involve
Sharp-S (the status quo)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> (2) <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sunrise</st1:place></st1:City>
-- priority registrations for Sharp-S those who already</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> have labels containing
"ss".</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> (3) No possibly-conflicting registrations,
using Failsafe Rules 1</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> and 2 as written; starting time
to be determined by registry </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> (4) Possibly-conflicting registrations
permitted only after the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> original registrant gets
notification and an additional</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> opportunity to register the
name herself; starting date again</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> determined by the registry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> (5) Sharp-S is just another character with no
special treatment;</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> starting date again determined
by the registry. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Courier><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Courier'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<br>
Idna-update mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Idna-update@alvestrand.no">Idna-update@alvestrand.no</a><br>
<a href="http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/idna-update">http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/idna-update</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
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