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<div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Consensus Call Tranche 8 (Character Adjustments) - Addendum</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">I neglected to summarize a number of messages relating to the JAMO discussion (they had subject fields that were specific to the JAMO discussion and did not appear when all the email was sorted with the original subject of the consensus call)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">As a result, the polling actually produced 9 YES and 8 NO - still clearly no final consensus. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(8.c) Disallow conjoining Hangul jamo per recommendation from</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">KRNIC and others, permitting only precomposed syllables.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">COMMENTS:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">I agree with the line of thought that we really should not disregard the results of the consensus position established by the most relevant language community after a rather extensive consensus process, so in general, I would side with the experts in Korea.</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">Nevertheless, having been through this discussion for many times, I understand that there are opinions otherwise and am hoping to make a suggestion that could reconcile the lines of thought and be consistent with our architecture. When we last discussed the issue of conjoining Hangul Jamo, I had suggested exploring the possibility of addressing them in the following manner:</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">1. categorize all Hangul Jamo as CONTEXTO</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">2. add stability contextual rule for these codepoints where the following must be true:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">toNFKC(toCaseFolded(toNFKC(label))) != label</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial"> </font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">I am not familiar enough with Korean, but this might strike a graceful balance between disallowing conjoining jamo that forms a modern hangul and continue to allow archaic Jamo without creating too much of a confusion?...</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">If I recall correctly, there was response that it seemed interesting, but was not further discussed. Do people think it might be a viable approach to resolve the issue?</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial"> ================</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">As I understand it, and I agree, it might not solve all the issues (as it stands, still thinking), but it does solve 2 types of issues:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">1. combination of modern Jamos that do combine to a Hangul syllable, e.g.:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">U+1109;U+1161;U+11BC => U+C0C1</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">In this case, the use of <U+1109;U+1161;U+11BC> would effectively be disallowed.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">2. combination of modern Jamos with old Jamos which combine to 1 Hangul syllable and 1 old Jamo, e.g.:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">U+1109;U+1161;U+11F0 => U+C0AC;U+11F0</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">In this case, also, the use of <U+1109;U+1161;U+11F0> would be effectively disallowed.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">It seems to me, if we are going to not disallow jamos, this would at least be a measure to avoid some of the most obvious problems in the context of IDN.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">The cases where no combination happens under KC are the cases which would need further investigation. It may be possible to add additional rules based on the algorithms for displaying Hangul characters....?...</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Arial" size="4" style="font: 15.0px Arial">=======</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 15px/normal Arial; min-height: 17px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">> Mark Davis <<a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com"><font color="#0018e8" style="color: #0018e8"><u>mark@macchiato.com</u></font></a>> Wed, Oct 15, 2008 at 5:56 AM</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">> That is, each of the Hangul precomposed syllables decomposes into one or two</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">one or two (wrong)---> two or three (correct) (Am I missing something here?)</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">> combining jamo under NFD, and under NFC that sequence of combining jamo composes</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">> back into that syllable. The comparisons *do* work correctly,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">> since IDNA labels have to be in NFC.</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">- Well, I would have to disagree with you.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Let me explain why the above claim is not correct.</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">- According to UCS (ISO/IEC 10646), each of the following three can represent</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Hangul syllable GGA:</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">1) UAC01 (GGA)</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">2) U1101 (GG), U1161 (A)</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">3) U1100 (G), U1100 (G), U1161 (A)</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> - By NFC, 2) U1101 (GG), U1161 (A) will be changed to 1) UAC01 (GGA);</font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> - However, by NFC, 3) U1100 (G), U1100 (G), U1161 (A) will be changed to</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">U1100 (G), UAC00 (GA), which is "different" from 1) UAC01.</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> > The comparisons *do* work correctly,</font></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> </font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">- ??? Isn't it considered comparison failure? (Am I missing something here?)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">- As we saw, NFC/NFD does not work correctly even for modern Hangul,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(not to mention Old Hangul)!</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[comment by another WG member:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">This is indeed the correct analysis. I find it very unfortunate</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">that U1101 (GG) does not have a *canonical* decomposition mapping</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">to <U1100 (G), U1100 (G)> (etc. for all the other multi-letter</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Hangul Jamos). The Hangul script does NOT have a primitive Jamo</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">GG. The Hangul GG is, by design, composed of two G Jamos, just</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">like Latin GG is composed of two G letters.]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[comment by another WG member:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">Reading through section 3.12 of Unicode 5.0 is somewhat confusing,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">because it tries to be very, very general for determining sylable</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">boundaries (virtually everything goes, as long as you can somehow</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">imagine that you might make a Korean syllable block out of it,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">even if no such block ever has been made), whereas the descriptions</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">for canonical composition and decomposition are quite limited</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">(one block <=> two or three Jamo, depending on whether there is</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">a final consonant (group) or not). As an example, the sequence</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Lucida Grande'; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">U+1101 (GG) U+1100 (G) U+1100 (G) U+1100 (G) U+1161 (A),</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">summarily written GGGGGA, would be a "Standard Korean syllable</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">block", too, the same way we would probably expect GGGGGA not to</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">be broken up by a hyphenation algorithm, whether it looks totally</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">silly (and in the Korean case, there's no way to display it as</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">a reasonably-looking syllable block) or not.]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[comment by another WG member:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">Well, it's very easy to take this position indeed. Also, it's</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">also possible to take the position that U+110F is the result of</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">adding a stroke to U+1100 (the equivalent, although in this day</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">and age much less clear, example would be that G is just a</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">Latin (in the true sense of the old Romans) C with a stroke or</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">hook added). The Korean script is so well designed that it's</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Lucida Grande" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande">difficult to know where to stop these decompositions.]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">------------</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Note. For example, in XML 1.0 (fourth ed), 2) U1101 (GG), U1161 (A) is NOT allowed since #x1101 is not included; in contrast, 3) U1100 (G), U1100 (G), U1161 (A) IS allowed.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(source :<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-BaseChar"><font color="#0018e8" style="color: #0018e8"><u>http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-BaseChar</u></font></a>)</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">.#x1100 | [#x1102-#x1103] | [#x1105-#x1107] | #x1109 | [#x110B-#x110C] |</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[#x110E-#x1112] | #x113C | #x113E | #x1140 | #x114C | #x114E | #x1150 |</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[#x1154-#x1155] | #x1159 | [#x115F-#x1161] | #x1163 | #x1165 | #x1167 | #x1169 |</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[#x116D-#x116E] | [#x1172-#x1173] | #x1175 | #x119E | #x11A8 | #x11AB |</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[#x11AE-#x11AF] | [#x11B7-#x11B8] | #x11BA | [#x11BC-#x11C2] | #x11EB | #x11F0 |</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">#x11F9 | ..</font></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px"><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">KIM, Kyongsok</font></p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">* I have been a chair of Korea JTC1/SC2 (a committee on Coded Character Set) since 1993.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">This committee represents Korea in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2 which is in charge of UCS (ISO/IEC 10646).</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">====</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">I would like to know where in ISO/IEC 10646 the type of sequence described in 3 is ‘allowed’ to represent such Hangul syllables. Because to the best of my knowledge it is not.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">If it is not, the whole argument falls flat.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">IN XML 1.1, the syllable itself GGA is already allowed in the same BaseChar production list: “[#xAC00-#xD7A3]”, so the Hangul syllable repertoire is already covered w/o adding that sequence explicitly, and the syllable is the NFC representation of the GGA syllable.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Michel Suignard</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(project editor for 10646)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">[Note by another WG member:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">10646 is rather silent on that mattar. But see the Unicode</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">standard. In version 5.0 this is discussed in section 3.12,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">"Conjoining jamo behaviour". The key sentence there states:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Unicode> Standard Korean syllable block: A sequence of one or more L</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Unicode> followed by a sequence of one or more V and a sequence of zero</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Unicode> or more T, or any other sequence that is canonically equivalent.]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">=====</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">Unicode> Standard Korean syllable block: A sequence of one or more L</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">Unicode> followed by a sequence of one or more V and a</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">sequence of zero >Unicode> or more T, or any other sequence</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">that is canonically equivalent.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 221); min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">Reading through section 3.12 of Unicode 5.0 is somewhat confusing,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">because it tries to be very, very general for determining sylable</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">boundaries (virtually everything goes, as long as you can somehow</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">immagine that you might make a Korean syllable block out of it,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">even if no such block ever has been made),</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">"no such block ever has been made" is not a consideration for an</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">alphabetic script, like Hangul. But there are practical limitations</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">of size in this case, since one tries (in display/print) to fit all</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">letters of a syllable into a graphical block the size of an ideograph. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Some "syllables", like GGGGGA in Hangul, would simply be too crammed</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(unless the block size was gigantic). On the other hand, GGGGGA is</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">not a very reasonable "syllable" in text representing real (and</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">reasonably spelled) words.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">whereas the descriptions</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">for canonical composition and decomposition are quite limited</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">(one block <=> two or three Jamo, depending on whether there is</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">a final consonant (group) or not).</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Yes, but that is only a subset of the possible (and reasonable)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">syllables that can be written in Hangul. It only covers (a superset</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">of) what occurs in "modern Hangul" (modulo the multiletter issue),</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">but has really nothing to do with how the Hangul script is constructed.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">As an example, the sequence</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 221); min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">U+1101 (GG) U+1100 (G) U+1100 (G) U+1100 (G) U+1161 (A),</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">summarily written GGGGGA, would be a "Standard Korean syllable</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">block", too, the same way we would probably expect GGGGGA not to</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">be broken up by a hyphenation algorithm, whether it looks totally</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">silly (and in the Korean case, there's no way to display it as</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">a reasonably-looking syllable block) or not.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 221); min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 221); min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">KIM, Kyongsok wrote:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">... each of the following three can represent Hangul syllable GGA:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">1) UAC01 (GGA)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">2) U1101 (GG), U1161 (A)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">3) U1100 (G), U1100 (G), U1161 (A)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000"> - By NFC, 2) U1101 (GG), U1161 (A) will be changed to 1) UAC01 (GGA);</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000"> - However, by NFC, 3) U1100 (G), U1100 (G), U1161 (A) will</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">be changed to</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#540000" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #540000">U1100 (G), UAC00 (GA), which is "different" from 1) UAC01.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 99, 18); min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">This is indeed the correct analysis. I find it very unfortunate</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">that U1101 (GG) does not have a *canonical* decomposition mapping</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">to <U1100 (G), U1100 (G)> (etc. for all the other multi-letter</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">Hangul Jamos). The Hangul script does NOT have a primitive Jamo</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">GG. The Hangul GG is, by design, composed of two G Jamos, just</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#006312" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #006312">like Latin GG is composed of two G letters.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 221); min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">Well, it's very easy to take this position indeed.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">And is also how the Hangul script was actually designed.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">Also, it's</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">also possible to take the position that U+110F is the result of</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">adding a stroke to U+1100 </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">That is not how the Hangul script was designed, and is thus a</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">misinterpretation.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">(the equivalent, although in this day</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">and age much less clear, example would be that G is just a</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">Latin (in the true sense of the old Romans) C with a stroke or</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">hook added). The Korean script is so well designed that it's</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" color="#0000dd" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #0000dd">difficult to know where to stop these decompositions.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">While that parallel holds for the strokes (dots originally, which</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">was a bit unfortunate graphically) for the vowels (for instance</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Hangul O is NOT a composition of EU and ARAEA), and certain of the</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">consonants (e.g. THIEUTH is a primitive letter that happens to have</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">one more stroke than TIKEUT) it does not hold for the doubled consonants</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(like SSANGKIYEOK) nor for any of the other multiletter Jamos (like</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Hangul E *is* a composition of Hangul EO and Hangul I).</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">The design documents, both editions, are quite clear on these matters.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">So there is no reason to guess how the Hangul letters, and letter</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">combinations, are constructed. While one may find the philosophy</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">for the graphical design of the individual letters to sometimes be</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">a bit doubtful, esp. for the vowels, it is clear what are individual</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">letters, and what are compositions of letters.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">See the original design document, translated to English in</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Korean Language, Ho-Min Sohn, Cambridge University Press, 1999,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>ISBN 0-521-36123-0 or 0-521-36943-6. (Section 6.3 gives a translation</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>to English of the 1444 design document for the Hangul alphabet.)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Also (facsimile only, no translation), in</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>A history of Korean Alphabet and Movable Types, Ministry of Culture</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>and Information, Republic of Korea, 1970. (Part 1 reproduces the 1444</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>official design document for the Hangul alphabet.)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">The revised and extended Hangul design document, reproduced,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">translated to English (and analysed) in:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Korean alphabet of 1446 – Expositions, OPA, The visible speech</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>sounds, Annotated translation, Future applicability; Hwun Min Ceng</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Um, Sek Yen Kim-Cho, Humanity Books and AC Press, New York, 2002,</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>ISBN 89-428-1587-1. (Reproduces, translates and analyses (in English)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>the 1446 official design document for the Hangul alphabet.)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">The extended document from 1446 introduces the kapyeoun- combinations as</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">compositions with IEUNG at the end. It is clear that the little circle</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">below is really a IEUNG, not something else.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">This book from 2002 also introduces an interesting possible extension</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">to Hangul, putting "annotations" on the (primitive) Hangul letters</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">within syllable blocks, for use as a phonetic notation.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Also of relevance:</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Korean Alphabet, its history and structure, ed. Young-Key</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Kim-Renaud, University of Hawai'i Press, 1997, ISBN 0-824-81989-6.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">=====</font></div><div><br></div><br><div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div><div>NOTE NEW BUSINESS ADDRESS AND PHONE</div><div>Vint Cerf</div><div>Google</div><div>1818 Library Street, Suite 400</div><div>Reston, VA 20190</div><div>202-370-5637</div><div><a href="mailto:vint@google.com">vint@google.com</a></div><div><br></div></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span></span></span> </div><br></body></html>